Gawo loyamba mu njira iliyonse yopanga zopangira ndi kusankha kwa zinthu zoyenera. Magawo owoneka bwino (mndandanda wotsutsa, nambala ya Abbe, kufalikira) Magwiridwe antchito ndi machitidwe ndi machitidwe. Nkhaniyi idzayambitsa mwachidule zida za anthu wamba komanso katundu wawo.
Zipangizo zamagalimoto zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: galasi la Smic, lovestal yamagalimoto ndi mawonedwe apadera.
01 galasi lothamanga
Galasi lowoneka bwino ndi amorphous (galasi) zinthu sing'anga zomwe zingapatse kuwala. Kuwala kudutsa kumatha kusintha njira yake yofalitsira, gawo ndi mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zigawo zowoneka ngati zisonga, magalasi, magalasi, mawindo ndi zosefera m'manda owoneka bwino kapena machitidwe. Magalasi owoneka bwino amakhala ndi kuwonekera kwambiri, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndi kufanana pakati pa kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito. Imakhala ndi nthawi yam'maso. Munthawi yotsika-yolimba, galasi lowoneka bwino limasunga ma amorrous boti la kutentha kwambiri. Zoyenera, matupi amkati mwathunthu ndi mankhwala onga ndi njira yosinthira, kuuma kwa mafuta, mawonekedwe amagetsi, mawonekedwe a solastic, omwe amatchedwa Isotropy.
Opanga kwambiri agalasi owala amaphatikiza ku Germany, kutchuka kwa United States, Ohara wa ku Japan, ndi Gamedung Slangdum (CDGM), etc.
Index yokhala ndi vuto komanso kufalitsa chithunzi
Mapulogalamu owoneka bwino
Ma Curverance Curve
02.
Crystal Crystal ikunena za galasi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a makhiristo owoneka bwino, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupanga mawindo osiyanasiyana, magalasi, ndi ntchito zamalonda a ultraviolet ndi zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimachitika. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo, imatha kugawidwa m'matchalitchi amodzi komanso polycrystalline. Zipangizo za Cristal Bary imakhala ndi umphumphu kwambiri komanso kutaya kopepuka, komanso zowonjezera zochepa, kotero makristalo amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'makhisiwa owoneka bwino.
Makamaka: UV wamba ndi infrared zida zakristal zikuphatikiza: Quartz (Sio2), Steamu fluoride (FEF2), Serl), Germanium (Ge), etcmain (ge), etcmain), etc.
Kutumiza makristali
Acromatic Crystal: Makhalidwe apadera obalalitsa a kristalo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosintha zosintha. Mwachitsanzo, calcium fluoride (caf2) imaphatikizidwa ndi galasi kuti apange dongosolo la astmicatic, lomwe limatha kuchotsa nthawi yayitali komanso seweroli.
Laser Crystal: Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zogwirira ntchito zolimba, monga Ruby, calcium fluoride, nedymium-doptium alttraum alttal, etc.
Zinthu za kristalo zimagawika kukhala zachilengedwe komanso zamphamvu. Makristals achilengedwe ndi osowa kwambiri, ovuta kukula mwamphamvu, ochepa kukula, komanso okwera mtengo. Nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti galasi likakwanira, imatha kugwira ntchito mu gulu lopanda kuwala ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu semiconductor ndi mafakitale a laser.
03 Mabuku Omwe Otha
a. Galasi lagalasi
Cla-Clamic ndi chinthu chapadera champhamvu chomwe sichiri galasi kapena galasi, koma kwinakwake pakati. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa galasi lagalasi ndi galasi wamba ndi kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe a kristalo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a galasi abwino kuposa ceramic. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a kuchuluka kochepa, mphamvu yayikulu, kuvuta kwambiri, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, komanso kukhazikika kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza makhiristo athyathyathya, timitengo tating'onoting'ono, magalasi akuluakulu, ma groscopes, etc.
Kuchulukitsa kwa matenthedwe ophatikizika kwa zinthu zowoneka bwino kumatha kufika 0.0 ± 0,2 × 10-7 / ~ 50 ℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
Silicon Carbide ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zowoneka bwino. Silicon Carbide ali ndi kuuma kwabwino, kutsitsa kotsika kwa mafuta, kukhazikika kwamphamvu, komanso kuchepetsa thupi. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi nkhani yayikulu yamagetsi akuluakulu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Aenthoace, Lasers okwera kwambiri, semiconductor ndi minda ina.
Magawo awa a maombo amawoneka amatchedwanso zida zamakono zopezeka. Kuphatikiza pazida zazikulu za zida zowoneka bwino, zida zowoneka zikate, zida zowoneka bwino zamakono, zida zamilira zamadzimadzi, zina zokweza, zonse zimakhala zamitu. Kukula kwaukadaulo wamako kukopeka ndi kusagwirizana ndi ukadaulo wamakono. Takonzeka kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa dziko langa.
Post Nthawi: Jan-05-2024
